Curr Biol：分散注意力可有效缓解出血

近日，刊登在国际著名MagazineCell的子刊Current Biology上的一篇近期指造出，并用精神上干扰（分心）的原理可以使得呼吸困难减缓，然而这种呼吸困难更为严重减缓的现象并不体现在背部。这项研究推测是基于用作高分辨率的自体机能性磁共振激光核心技术（fMRI核心技术），对人们由于低温引来的呼吸困难总体来进行研究，研究了解到，精神上干扰或许可以在中枢呼吸困难处理事件早期抑制呼吸困难接收器的传入。来自汉堡-埃彭多夫的学校该的学校的实证Christian Sprenger暗示，这种现像并仅仅是一种精神上现像，而是一种热衷于的神经纤维机制，可以减缓从神经纤维攀升至神经纤维系统高阶周边的呼吸困难接收器。

这种现象涉及到了内源性的类物质，这种物质产生自神经纤维系统，在减缓呼吸困难的过程中扮演着重要角色。研究人员让组织者分别进行一个简单或者一个更易的记忆性任务，需要他们记住纸条的字词具体内容，同时给组织者小腿上施以低温。来进行更易任务的组织者变得心烦意乱时，他们会感到较小的呼吸困难，通过fMRI核心技术说明了造出这些组织者的神经纤维周边活性变得非常低，fMRI上会是用来校准神经纤维系统活性的改变。

Sprenger和他的同事然后重复了测试，这次他们得不到组织者一种药物-钠洛酮（抗休克的全然药物，可以驱赶抑制剂的现象）或者都可的安平流到，结果显示，来得只流到都可安平的组织者，用作抑制剂拮抗剂的组织者由于注意力分散，引来的呼吸困难更为严重减缓了40%，因此表明内源性的扮演着重要起着。

实证的推测了解到了精神上过程可以集中地改变人们的呼吸困难经历，并且对于临床也有极为重要的意义。实证暗示，我们的研究推测给呼吸困难疾病治疗提供了认知行为治疗的原理。（生物谷：T.Shen编译）

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.006PMC:PMID:

Attention Modulates Spinal Cord Responses to Pain

Christian Sprenger1, , , Falk Eippert1, Jürgen Finsterbusch1, Ulrike Bingel1, 2, Michael Rose1, Christian Büchel1

Reduced pain perception while being distracted from pain is an everyday example of how cognitive processes can interfere with pain perception [ [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]]. Previous neuroimaging studies showed distraction-related modulations of pain-driven activations in various cortical and subcortical brain regions [ [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and [11]], but the precise neuronal mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human cervical spinal cord in combination with thermal pain stimulation and a well-established working memory task [12], we demonstrate that this phenomenon relies on an inhibition of incoming pain signals in the spinal cord. Neuronal responses to painful stimulation in the dorsal horn of the corresponding spinal segment were significantly reduced under high working memory load compared to low working memory load. At the individual level, reductions of neuronal responses in the spinal cord predicted behioral pain reductions. In a subsequent behioral experiment, using the opioid antagonist naloxone in a double-blind crossover design with the same paradigm, we demonstrate a substantial contribution of endogenous opioids to this mechanism. Taken together, our results show that the reduced pain experience during mental distraction is related to a spinal process and involves opioid neurotransmission.